clinical glutathione reviews Frontiers Systematic Review of the Efficacy

Active Akt phosphorylates multiple targets including Bad (preventing it from inhibiting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2), MDM2 (stabilizing p53), FOXO transcription factors (preventing pro-apoptotic gene expression), mTOR (promoting protein synthesis)

Furthermore, genetically predicted GST ( = 0.0334, P = 0.0043, FDR = 0.0151) and TPO ( = 0.0496, P = 0.0031, FDR = 0.0151) were found to be associated with high intelligence

However, despite the biochemical plausibility, optimal dose, recommended timing of administration, and appropriate choice of outcome measures, no significant changes were observed in oxidative stress biomarkers or erythrocyte glutathione concentrations following 4 weeks of oral GSH supplementation in healthy adults